Last Sunday, May 6, the 2006 Biofuel Act was implemented in the Philippines. The Biofuel Law of the Philippines calls for a 5% mixing of Ethanol in gasoline and 1% mixing of biodiesel in the petrodiesel during the first few years of implementation.
From the 2006 Biofuels Law
5.1 Within two (2) years from the effectivity of this Act, at least five percent (5%) bioethanol shall comprise the annual total volume of gasoline fuel actually sold and distributed by each and every oil company in the country, subject to the requirement that all bioethanol blended gasoline shall contain a minimum of five percent (5%) bioethanol fuel by volume: Provided, That the ethanol blend conforms to PNS.
5.2 Within four (4) years from the effectivity of this Act, the NBB created under this Act is empowered to determine the feasibility and thereafter recommend to DOE to mandate a minimum of ten (10%) percent blend of bioethanol by volume into all gasoline fuel distributed and sold by each and every oil company in the country.
In the event of supply shortage of locally-produced bioethanol during the four-year period, oil companies shall be allowed to import bioethanol but only to the extent of the shortage as may be determined by the NBB.
5.3 In lieu of the effectivity of this Act, immediately within three (3) months upon the signing which shall be promulgated upon the approval of this Act of the IRR, a minimum of one percent (1%) biodiesel by volume shall be blended into all diesel engine fuels sold in the country: Provided, That the biodiesel blend conforms to PNS for biodiesel.
Within two (2) years from effectivity of this Act, the NBB created under this Act is empowered to determine the feasibility and thereafter recommend to DOE to mandate a total of two percent (2%) blend of biodiesel by volume subject to domestic supply and availability of locally-sourced biodiesel component.
The implementation of this law began with the 1% mixing of biodiesel with diesel being sold at the pumps last Sunday. What remains to be seen however, is whether pump prices will increase because of this mixing. With the absence of local supply adequate enough to meet the current demand, oil companies are allowed to import tariff free biofuels.
Article here
Category: Misc
October 2nd, 2008 at 1:38 am
WARNING/ CAUTION
DUBIOUS PNS 2020:2003 & BIO-DIESEL TECHNOLOGY?
http://www.gov.ph/forum/thread.asp?rootID=73028&catID=9
Bio-fuels could be misleading notions in terms of finding/formulating a “genuine” bio, eco and/or environment-friendly fuel — possibly a renewable source of an energy. It’s a misnomer indeed to come-up with an alternative energy that the same would contain inorganic petrol-base (methanol & ethanol) and acidic/toxic Sodium/ Potassium Hydroxide Catalytic Reactant, that could lead to corrosion and damage on engine parts. This is not to mention the contamination of (layers) underground oils.
Bio-diesel is just for mixture at 5%-20% to petro-diesel. If it goes beyond 10-percent or 20-percent use, it will not be good for the vehicle. “We cannot use 100 percent (B100) of coco fuel in the engine” according to Usec. Eduardo Mañalac, former Usec., of the Department of Energy, now is the President of PNOC.” Thursday, March 11, 2004 @10:12 PM GMT – 12-Baguio testing use of coconut fuel Ecology.
Bio-ethanol is just a mixture of 10% ethanol & 90% petro-gasoline. It would not be good also for the engine if the mixture would go beyond 35% because it will eat-up the rubber and plastic parts of the engine, thus increases the engine temperature.
Petroleum Based Fuel Adulteration?
On the product Standardization of Petrol-Fuel Oils, International Trade Standard Specification, the general requirement stipulates – “The fuel oil specified herein shall be hydrocarbon oils FREE from INORGANIC ACIDS and FOREIGN MATTER.”
QUESTION: Are Methanol, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ester, Potassium/Sodium Hydroxides are not inorganic — Foreign Matters?
Gasoline and MTBE What does MTBE do?
MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) is classified by the EPA as a ‘possible human carcinogen.’ http://gasoline.dangernet.net/gasoline-and-mtbe
How does MTBE get into the water supply?
Biodiesel Drawbacks Biodiesel can cause some problems. For example:
Gelling Temperature: …Biodiesel gels at a higher temperature (32 degrees) than standard #2 diesel (-15 degrees). This isn’t a problem with biodiesel/petro-diesel blends of 20% or less (B20 - B2) but it makes the use of B100 unworkable in a commercial vehicle.
Lower BTU Rating: …A study done by the University of North Dakota indicated that, while there are significant fluctuations, #2 diesel contains about 140,000 BTUs per gallon while B100 contains about 130,000 BTUs. (B20 contains 138,000 BTUs.)
Higher Nitrogen Oxide Emissions: Since biodiesel contains no nitrogen, the increase in NOx emissions is probably due to the higher cetane rating and the high oxygen content of biodiesel. These two qualities are thought to cause the nitrogen contained in the air to be converted into NOx during combustion.
Higher Solvent Properties: Because biodiesel acts as a solvent it’s likely, when used in an engine that ran previously on petro-diesel, that any sediment in the fuel system might be washed into the engine’s filters and fuel injectors. Rubber gaskets and hoses will also degrade at a higher rate. This means that filters will need to be changed within 1000 miles of changing to a biodiesel blend and the hoses and gaskets will eventually need to be changed to something that doesn’t react to biodiesel; like Flourenated Viton.
Accordingly Biodiesel – shall refer to Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or mono-alkyl esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and other biomass-derived oils that shall be technically proven and approved by the DOE for use in diesel engines, with quality specifications in accordance with the Philippine National Standards (PNS);
Health and safety
Methanol is intoxicating but not directly poisonous. It is toxic by its breakdown (toxication) by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver by forming formic acid and formaldehyde which cause blindness by destruction of the optic nerve. Methanol ingestion can also be fatal due to its CNS depressant properties in the same manner as ethanol poisoning. It enters the body by ingestion, inhalation, or absorption through the skin. Fetal tissue will not tolerate methanol.
FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER [FAME] IFICATION or Trans [ester] ification
Transesterification
In organic chemistry, transesterification is the process of exchanging the alkoxy group of an ester compound by another alcohol. These reactions are often catalyzed by the addition of an acid or base.
Rancidification Rancidification is the decomposition of fats and other lipids by hydrolysis and/or oxidation. Hydrolysis will split fatty acid chains away from the glycerol backbone in glycerides. These free fatty acids can then undergo further auto-oxidation. Oxidation primarily occurs with unsaturated fats by a free radical-mediated process.
Redox (Redirected from Oxidation)
Redox reactions include all chemical processes in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed.
This can be a simple redox process, such as the oxidation of carbon to yield carbon dioxide, it could be the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane (CH4), or a complex process such as the oxidation of sugar in the human body, through a series of very complex electron transfer processes.
The term redox comes from the two concepts of reduction and oxidation. It can be explained in simple terms:
Oxidation describes the loss of an electron by a molecule, atom or ion Reduction describes the gain of an electron by a molecule, atom or ion
Combustion of hydrocarbons, e.g. in an internal combustion engine, produces water, carbon dioxide, some partially oxidized forms such as carbon monoxide and heat energy. Complete oxidation of materials containing carbon produces carbon dioxide.