Looks like one of the missions of the Mars mission, aside from setting up a base on the moon, is to mine the moon for Helium-3, one of the possible fuel sources for fusion reactors in the far future. Scarce on earth, Helium-3 is said to be very abundant on the Moon’s Surface.
Some pundits however have pointed out that it might not be practical, since sending all those drill rigs to the moon might far outweight the cost benefit we get from mining Helium-3.
Some other issues that cropped up is the 1979 UN Moon Treaty, which states that there is a ban on all exploration without prior consent of member states. However, looking at the Moon Treaty, only 12 countries have ratified the treaty (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Chile, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Peru, Pakistan and Uruguay.)
Countries who are bent on setting up moon bases haven’t signed the treaty (Russia, China, US)
Original Article here from Wired